Thursday, December 26, 2019
Egoism, Psychological And Ethical, And Altruism - 1141 Words
From the moment you are born, you are being influenced. Influenced on what to wear, how to do your hair, how to speak, whom to associate with, etc. All of these criteria make up who you are. These influences determine how you think and what you believe. With all these influences in our daily lives we inevitably do actions throughout the day, and our actions have consequences. Some consequences are good and some are bad, but based on our actions are there ulterior motives involved? Do we do things to solely benefit ourselves or do we sometimes do things to help out others and the greater good of mankind? These questions bring to the surface the topics of egoism, psychological and ethical, and altruism. Egoism in general means that people think of their own advantage. They have high opinions of themselves and dote on themselves. Meaning they live and breathe off of self-praise. Most of the time this word has a negative connotation to it, and it is looked down upon (Flynn 459). Egoism f alls into two categories: psychological and ethical. The term psychological egoism refers to the mindset that there is no such thing as a self-less act. For example, if someone does a good deed, they have a hidden motive behind their deed. Whether they want attention, praise, or accolades from performing the deed, they did not do it just to help someone out (Rosenstand 164). As human beings our nature is to be selfish, and there is no way around it. We are innately selfish, always have andShow MoreRelatedAltruism And Egoism : A Moral Code Of Conduct1417 Words  | 6 PagesIn psychology, altruism and egoism are two contrasting views on morality, one holding that one should value principles/actions that benefit others over oneself, the other holding that not only are we innately selfish species, but that selfishness is how one ought to act. While both theories of morality are prevalent throughout history and cultures around the world, I will be examining the two sides of egoism: ph ysiological and ethical, and how these can be connected to altruism. These theories areRead MoreEthical Egoism Reflection Paper1739 Words  | 7 Pagesselflessness, psychological egoism, ethical egoism, and altruism all somehow relate towards beneficiating, but I believe that psychological egoism is the correct way to view selfishness for its positive symbiotic relationship between the person doing the action and the person receiving it. Of the three views to choose from – psychological egoism, ethical egoism, and altruism – I had the hardest time choosing between psychological egoism and ethical egoism. In my opinion, altruism is not possibleRead MoreEgoism And Ethical Egoism1291 Words  | 6 PagesFor this paper, I am going to be using The Fundamentals of Ethics by Russ Shafer-Landau and Psychological Egoism and Hobbes by Hun Chung in order to talk about and give more insight on psychological egoism and ethical egoism. There are many things to know and learn such as what these theories are and how they are different and alike as well as other components supporting each theory. Psychological Egoism states that human actions are based on self-interest, even if the action appears to be selflessRead MoreThe Need to Psychological Egoism in Life682 Words  | 3 Pagestowards my friends and other people. I have always thought about egoism as something solely negative. That was before I knew the true meaning and concept of the word. Now I am no longer so sure; is it possible to be an absolute altruist? Is it possible to keep going on an absolute altruistic line of life without any egoistic subsidiary interference? Psychological egoism is a human beings factual motivation in life. Psychological egoism builds around that our intended actions are always controlledRead MorePsychological vs Ethical Egoism Essay1167 Words  | 5 PagesPsychological Egoism and Ethical Egoism: A Comparison Abstract There is a certain innate desire to help others, just as others will feel that same fulfillment for returning that aid. At the same time, however, there is also an inherent yearning to seek out one’s own best interest. This brings about a discussion regarding the difference between psychological egoism and ethical egoism. To understand the similarities and differences, one must first understand the two concepts includingRead MorePsychological and Ethical Egoism Essay1863 Words  | 8 Pages Egoism is a teleological theory of ethics that sets the ultimate criterion of morality in some nonmoral value (i.e. happiness or welfare) that results from acts (Pojman 276). It is contrasted with altruism, which is the view that ones actions ought to further the interests or good of other people, ideally to the exclusion of ones own interests (Pojman 272). This essay will explain the relation between psychological egoism and ethical egoism. It will examine how someone who believes in psychologicalRead MoreIndividualism1503 Words  | 7 PagesIndividuation Theories 2. Emotional Self Interest 3. Methodological Individualism 4. Political Individualism 1. Liberalism 2. Anarchism 1. Individualist Anarchism 5. Philosophical individualism 1. Ethical Egoism 2. Extentialism 3. Free Thought 4. Humanism 5. Hedonism 6. Libertinism 7. Objectivism 8. Philosophical Anarchism 9. Subjectivism 1. Solipsism 6. Economic Individualism 1. Liberalism Read MoreEthical Relativism : Moral Relativism1198 Words  | 5 Pages1.) The concepts of Ethical Relativism teach that societies evolve over time and change to fit circumstances. It exists in our lives and compares to other theories, such as moral nihilism, skepticism, subjectivism, and soft and hard universalism. Ethical relativism is the theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one s culture. That is, whether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced. Moral Nihilism, Skepticism, and SubjectivismRead MoreEgoism By Thomas Hobbes And Immanuel Kant1660 Words  | 7 PagesEgoism can be described as the theory of solely acting towards the advancement and good of one’s own self, without any other causes for action. While egoism has been interpreted differently throughout history, the two variants of egoism conceived by Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant are widely considered today to be theoretically bound and consistent. The egoism, described by Hobbes, conceives egoism as a fully psychological motive that is within the minds of all human beings, who think only of theirRead MoreEthics Essay772 Words  | 4 Pages5. We should adopt an attitude to tolerance. 8. What is the â€Å"Cultural Differences†argument for Cultural Relativism? Does Rachels think it is sound? he thinks it is unsound, 9. If Cultural Relativism is true, then some odd consequences for ethical theory follow. What are they? 10. Does Rachels hold that there are some moral rules that all societies have in common? 11. What are the three traditional divine attributes of monotheism? 12. What is the difference between â€Å"theism†, â€Å"atheismâ€
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Environmental Health Safety - 1334 Words
TUI University Nickalus W. Banks BHE314: Environmental Health Safety Module 3: Water Quality; Wastewater Management Dr. Rania Sabty-Daily Case Assignment Over 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered in water. This water is essential to our survival as a species. With the Earth’s population increasing yearly, will we have enough quality water to carry us into the decades to come? What types of treatment are being used to ensure that we have clean water to drink? This case assignment will compare and contrast secondary water treatment method to the tertiary water treatment, which is also known as advanced/final water treatment, method in the context of the wastewater treatment process. It will discuss the appropriate†¦show more content†¦Bibliography/References Altekruse, S. F., Cohen, M. L. Swerdlow, D. L. (2007). Emerging food borne diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 3 (3). Retrieved November 2008 form http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol3no3/cohen.htm. Bartram, J., Lewis, K., Lentron, R. Wright, A. (2005). Focusing on improved water and sanitation for health. The Lancet, 365 (9461). Retrieved 2008 from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=804282491sid=1Fmt=4clientId=29440RQT=309VName=PQD. . California Air Resources Board (2007). Health effects research. Retrieved November 2008 from http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/health/healthres.htm. Environmental Services Department, City of San Jose. (n.d.). South Bay water recycling: Treatment process. Retrieved 2008 from http://www.sanjoseca.gov/sbwr/treatmentprocess.htm. Frumpkin, H. (2002). Urban sprawl and public health. Public Health Reports, 117: 201-217. Retrieved 2008 from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/articles/Urban%20Sprawl%20and%20Public%20Health%20-%20PHR.pdf. Georgia Department of Human Resources. (n.d.). Mosquito-borne viral diseases. Retrieved December 2008 from http://health.state.ga.us/epi/vbd/mosquito.asp. Harrison, J. (2008). Personal correspondence (source works in the food catering business). Jackson, R. J. Kochitzky, C.Show MoreRelatedEnvironmental Health And Safety Management833 Words  | 4 Pages Introduction Environmental health and safety management is an important component of a safe work environment because it protects human health and safety in the workplace. In regard to this, environmental health and safety regulations remain the hallmark that provides protection for American workers. Such regulation has helped maintain the wide-ranging safety standards as required by law. It has enabled companies in the United States to aggressively pursue accident prevention initiatives at all levelsRead MoreInformative Presentation On Health Safety And Environmental1045 Words  | 5 Pageslevel business graduates on how to make an informed career decision. Specific Purpose: As a result of this presentation, my audience will be introduced to two promising career paths that can yield job security and success. A career in Health Safety and Environmental (HSE) Management and or Entrepreneurship, can be a rewarding career decision. After this presentation students will be able to assess the risk involved in both career path, the incentives of choosing one or the other and qualificationsRead MoreEssay on Total Environmental Health and Safety Management790 Words  | 4 Pagesaccountability as they apply to OSH program management. In your discussion, provide examples of how your current organization implements these concepts. Is it effective? How can you tell? What recommendations do you have for improvement? Total Environmental Health and Safety Management There is a tremendous amount of difference between authority, responsibility, and accountability as they apply to the OSH program management. As read in the textbook by Manuele (2008 p. 86) and under the section 3.1.3, ResponsibilityRead MoreHealth, Safety and Environmental Management752 Words  | 3 Pagescommunities, the environment and the business through proactive and planned management response before, during and after emergency situations. 10. Environmental management Business units will protect the environment and minimise any adverse impact from our operations through efficient use of natural resources and adherence to applicable environmental protection standards. 11. Assessment and continuous improvement Business unit to ensure the elements of the management system are assessed on a regularRead MoreEthics, Public Health, And Environmental Safety3018 Words  | 13 Pagesdefine biotechnology and consider best practices in agriculture, both in the United States and around the globe. With the advent of genetic engineering and the adoption of transgenic crops, a new set of questions regarding ethics, public health, and environmental safety has grown from a theoretical concern to one that must be considered as genetic engineering plays an increasingly large role in our everyday lives. As genetically modified (GM) food has entered the marketplace, these ethical questionsRead MoreGovernment Regulation And Mining Safety, Health Standards And Environmental Regulations1012 Words  | 5 PagesThreats included government regulation and mining safety, health standards and environmental regulations. There were many citations and violation fines charged against Massey. Low prices from foreign coal companies pose a threat. The on-going high cost of production and maintenance of equipment is a big cost. The shift of demand to other cleaner resources such as green technologies posed a growing threat as well. The worker conditions are also a threat because they were potentially dangerous andRead MoreWGU SZT 1 Task 4 - Disaster in Franklin County Essay1413 Words  | 6 Pageshighlights the role of public health personnel, with emphasis on the public health nurse because the nurse is often a first responder to such a disaster. This helps to examine the roles, actions, cop ing methods, and techniques used by a nurse in a disaster scenario. A. Role of Public Health Personnel The role of public health personnel is to maintain the physical and emotional safety of individuals throughout the community affected by the storm. Those in the Public Health Department are responsibleRead MorePesticides and Human Health in California Essay3080 Words  | 13 Pagesuse of pesticides. However, those pesticides which have resulted in high crop yields have come at price, and that is human health itself. This seems rather contradictory. Pesticides were designed to help people and society by increased the success of producing high crop yields, and they still do that, but at the same time, those same pesticides have caused unforeseen health risks, primarily to those have had to handle them. The average person would not consider pesticides as being a cause for depressionRead MoreThe Hazards Of Nursing : Caring1793 Words  | 8 Pagesnew chemicals can come on the scene unknowingly and without warning into a nurses’ work environment. One of the most common concer ns of chemical exposure in a nurse’s work environment is â€Å"fragrance†. â€Å"Fragrance†is a common ingredient in beauty, health, and cleaning products. â€Å"Fragrance†is unregulated by the FDA and protected by law because of what the industry refers to as â€Å"trade secrets†. â€Å"Fragrance†may contain thousands of chemicals, but is only required to be listed under one ingredientRead MoreFunctional Health Pattern Community Assessment2109 Words  | 9 PagesFunctional Health Patterns Community Assessment Guide Functional Health Pattern (FHP) Template Directions: This FHP template is to be used for organizing community assessment data in preparation for completion of your collaborative learning community (CLC) assignment. Address every bulleted statement in each section with data or rationale for deferral. You may also add additional bullet points if applicable to your community. Value/Belief Pattern Predominant ethnic and cultural groups
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Capital Gains Tax Residence Exemption
Questions: 1. Tax implications of the Sale of First House and Purchase of New House 2. Tax Implications of the expenditure on the first house 3. The tax implications of receiving the apple watch and bravery medal 4. The assessability and deductibility of all the other items 5. Computation of Tax Payable by Jacob for the year ended June, 2016 Answers: 1. In the given case, Jacob wants to sell his current house. He is using it as his main residence since acquisition except from December 2006 to December 2014. He is planning to acquire a new house before disposal of this old one. He has not produced any assessable income from the old house during the last 12 months before purchase of the new house and he will shift to the new dwelling (Law.ato.gov.au 2017). Thus both the dwellings will be treated as his main residence for a period of up to six months as per the provisions of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Ato.gov.au 2017). If the property is acquired after 20th September, 1985, a capital gain (Law.ato.gov 2017) or loss arises in case of its sale as per the provisions of Part IIIA of Section 160 M and Section 160 N. There is exemption from CGT in case of sale of main residence (Edmonds 2015). Exemption is allowed on only one property for a particular period (Ato.gov.au 2017). Mr. Jacob cannot claim full exemption if it was not his main residence for the entire period between the year 2006 to the year 2014. However, he will be eligible for partial exemption as he is single parent to a 10 year child and the provision on ownership of 2nd house by the partner does not arise. Thus when Mr. Jacob decides to sell his first house, he will have to choose one property to claim exemption and the other property will attract Capital Gain Tax (Law.ato.gov 2017). 2. Tax liability arises if any major capital improvement is done on a dwelling and any Capital Gain Tax (CGT) event arises on such dwelling (Martin, Pawson and van den Nouwelant 2016). However, the major capital improvements to the dwelling is exempt from tax if it the main residence and the improvement is part of the house (Ato.gov.au 2017). If improvement or renovation is done on part of the home to produce income or for commercial purposes, then such exemption is not allowable. In addition, the exemption is applicable only if total land is less than two hectares. Thus, if the land including the house of Mr. Jacob is less than 2 hectares or 2 hectares, the cost incurred on repair will be exempt from tax (Ato.gov.au 2017). 3. If a person makes a payment in terms of money or property voluntarily and there is not any material benefit to the donor from transfer of property or money, it amounts to gift. The person who makes the gift can claim the deduction on the gifts or donations made voluntarily subject to relevant gift conditions. The recipient must have the status of Deductible Gift Recipient (Ato.gov.au 2017). In the given case, Mr. Jacob receives an Apple watch worth $650 for saving the life of a boy. Thus it can be termed as receipt of a gift. Tax implication with regard to the tax deductibility arises for the donor of the gift. Mr. Jacob is the receiver of the gift and not the donor. Thus, the provision of deduction on gift does not apply to this case. However, the parents of the boy may claim the deduction of tax on the gift depending on the eligibility to such deduction. 4. Income Tax is deducted by the employer on the payments made by him to the employee (Ato.gov.au 2017). However, the employee may claim a refund of the tax amount if deductible expenses reduce the tax liability (Yong and Ma 2015). Thus tax on $72000 shall be deducted at source. Mr. Jacob receives dividend of $2850 from Telstra Shares that have Franking Credit. The Act requires declaration of such Franked dividends in the tax return. These are generally entitled to tax offset (Coulton, Ruddock and Taylor 2014). The allowances and payments by Australian Government are subject to beneficiary tax offset in case there is no taxable income. Mr. Jacob has received Family Tax Benefit of $1300 for his son. He has taxable salary income. So he will be liable to pay some tax on $1300. There is a provision of tax deduction on the cost incurred on buying occupation specific clothing and compulsory and non- compulsory work uniforms (Ato.gov.au 2017). However, to claim deduction on non- compulsory uniform, the design of the uniform must be registered with AusIndustry. Shoes cannot be non- compulsory work uniform. Thus, $ 450 spent by Mr. Jacob work clothing and shoes is subject to these provisions. He can claim the deduction if it is distinctive and unique to his profession. Mr. Jacob has spent $42000 on use of private car for school activities. He can claim tax deduction on this amount except on the cost incurred on private travel between work and home. The claim can be made on the running expenses excluding capital costs using any of the two methods: Cents per Kilometer method and logbook method (Ato.gov.au 2017). Mr. Jacob has incurred educational expense of $3650. Educational expenses are subject to the tax deduction if the education will result in improving the current skills and increasing the employment income. The superannuation contribution of $ 3000 will be taxable @15% if the contribution is made before tax (Ato.gov.au 2017). Tax agents fee of $750 is also liable to taxable amount. 5. The total taxable income of Mr. Jacob and the Net Tax Payable by him is calculated below. Gross salary, income from dividend and family tax benefit constitute the total assessable income. Deduction is allowed for clothing specific to the purpose and self- educational expenses. Thus, the total taxable income stands at 76471 $. Tax is charged at a flat rate of $3572 and @32.5% for income above 37000. Credit on Franked dividend has been given and Mr. Jacob is not liable to pay Medicare levy as his taxable income is below 180000 $. Total tax paid by him during the year is 13136 $. Assessable income ( in $) Gross salary 72,000 Holiday Received From Bank 3200 Australian sourced dividend income: Fully franked (net) 2850 Gross up for franking credits (2850 x 30/70) 1221 4,071 Family Tax Benefit 1,300 Total assessable income 80,571 Allowable deductions Clothing 450 Educational Expenses 3,650 Total allowable deductions 4100 Total taxable income 76,471 Tax on taxable income- $3572 + 32.5% of (76471-37000) 12828 Medicare levy (levied on taxable income above $180000) 1529.4 Franking credit 1,221 Total tax payable 13136 Figure 1: Tax Computation of Mr. Jacob Source: (Created by Author) References: Ato.gov.au, (2017). Building or renovating your home. [online] Ato.gov.au. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/general/property/your-home/building-or-renovating-your-home/ [Accessed 12 Jan. 2017]. Ato.gov.au, (2017). Clothing, laundry and dry-cleaning expenses. [online] Ato.gov.au. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Income-and-deductions/Deductions-you-can-claim/Clothing,-laundry-and-dry-cleaning-expenses/#Occupationspecificclothing1 [Accessed 12 Jan. 2017]. Ato.gov.au, (2017). Vehicle and travel expenses [online] Available at: https://://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/income-and-deductions/deductions-you-can-claim/vehicle-and-travel-expenses/car-expenses/ [Accessed 12 Jan. 2017]. Ato.gov.au, a. (2017). Super. [online] Ato.gov.au. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Super/ [Accessed 12 Jan. 2017]. Ato.gov.au, a. (2017). Who can claim a gift or contribution. [online] Ato.gov.au. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Non-profit/Gifts-and-fundraising/How-supporters-claim-tax-deductions/who-can-claim-a-gift-or-contribution/ [Accessed 12 Jan. 2017]. Coulton, J.J., Ruddock, C. and Taylor, S.L., 2014. The Informativeness of Dividends and Associated Tax Credits.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,41(9-10), pp.1309-1336. Edmonds, R., 2015. Structural tax reform: what should be brought to the table?. InAustralian Tax Forum(Vol. 30). Law.ato.gov.au. (2017). ATO ID 2010/101 - Capital Gains Tax: main residence exemption - interaction with non-resident provisions. [online] Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?DocID=aid/aid2010101/00001 [Accessed 12 Jan. 2017]. Martin, C., Pawson, H. and Van den Nouwelant, R., 2016. Housing policy and the housing system in Australia: an overview. Yong, S.E. and Ma, M., 2015. A comparative study of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) implications on real property transactions in Australia and New Zealand.
Monday, December 2, 2019
Physical Development 0-19 Years free essay sample
Child and Young Person Development Assignment 023 – Table 1 Physical Development Explain the sequence and rate of development Age Range 0-3 Months Many babies are born around the 40th week are born with reflexes which include swallowing and sucking reflex this is so they can swallow milk and in conjunct with that they also have the rooting reflex they move head from side to side in order to find the nipple or the teat. They also have the grasp reflex and standing and walking reflex. When first born they sleep a lot but after one month they start to become more observant and stay awake longer. Babies start to look less curled up, like in the featal position and they dont startle or jump as frequently. 3-6 Months At this age babies have gained weight and grown in height. Babies are lifting and turning heads. Many skills are apparent now like playing, smiling, laughing and squealing. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Development 0-19 Years or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They can reach out and grab a toy. They can roll from back to front and also balance on their fronts like they want to get up on their legs and crawl. -9 Months The physical development at this stage has progressed a lot and babies are able to explore so much more they are crawling or finding other ways to get around, they can sit up without support and spend a lot of time playing. 9-12 Months Babies are able to crawl very quickly and pull themselves up on furniture and walk round it and may are on the verge of walking. They are using fingers to feed themselves. 1-2 Years At this stage babies have found their feet and are completely mobile, they walk quickly in their feet and are named toddlers. -4 Years Toddlers are now confident in walking and enjoy playing and picking up things, they go on to realise they are independent from their parents, they are now running and climbing, moving chairs to climb is also very common. 4-7 Years Compared to other development the physical ones slow down around this age but the skills like using scissors and pouring are used and activities like kicking and controlling a ball and handwriting improves. -12 Years Physically children are able to do things at a faster rate, drawing a simple picture becomes easier and dressing themselves. Growth and change to their bodies. 12-16 Years This is when physically girls and boys tend to differ they change in to men and women at different rates. By 15 or 16 girls have become women but boys dont start puberty till around 14 years of age and takes about 3 years. Body shapes are changing. 16-19 Years
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